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# testing/requirements.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2021 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Global database feature support policy.
Provides decorators to mark tests requiring specific feature support from the
target database.
External dialect test suites should subclass SuiteRequirements
to provide specific inclusion/exclusions.
"""
import sys
from . import exclusions
from .. import util
class Requirements(object):
pass
class SuiteRequirements(Requirements):
@property
def create_table(self):
"""target platform can emit basic CreateTable DDL."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def drop_table(self):
"""target platform can emit basic DropTable DDL."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def foreign_keys(self):
"""Target database must support foreign keys."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def on_update_cascade(self):
"""target database must support ON UPDATE..CASCADE behavior in
foreign keys."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def non_updating_cascade(self):
"""target database must *not* support ON UPDATE..CASCADE behavior in
foreign keys."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def deferrable_fks(self):
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def on_update_or_deferrable_fks(self):
# TODO: exclusions should be composable,
# somehow only_if([x, y]) isn't working here, negation/conjunctions
# getting confused.
return exclusions.only_if(
lambda: self.on_update_cascade.enabled
or self.deferrable_fks.enabled
)
@property
def self_referential_foreign_keys(self):
"""Target database must support self-referential foreign keys."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def foreign_key_ddl(self):
"""Target database must support the DDL phrases for FOREIGN KEY."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def named_constraints(self):
"""target database must support names for constraints."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def subqueries(self):
"""Target database must support subqueries."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def offset(self):
"""target database can render OFFSET, or an equivalent, in a
SELECT.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def bound_limit_offset(self):
"""target database can render LIMIT and/or OFFSET using a bound
parameter
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def sql_expression_limit_offset(self):
"""target database can render LIMIT and/or OFFSET with a complete
SQL expression, such as one that uses the addition operator.
parameter
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def parens_in_union_contained_select_w_limit_offset(self):
"""Target database must support parenthesized SELECT in UNION
when LIMIT/OFFSET is specifically present.
E.g. (SELECT ...) UNION (SELECT ..)
This is known to fail on SQLite.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def parens_in_union_contained_select_wo_limit_offset(self):
"""Target database must support parenthesized SELECT in UNION
when OFFSET/LIMIT is specifically not present.
E.g. (SELECT ... LIMIT ..) UNION (SELECT .. OFFSET ..)
This is known to fail on SQLite. It also fails on Oracle
because without LIMIT/OFFSET, there is currently no step that
creates an additional subquery.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def boolean_col_expressions(self):
"""Target database must support boolean expressions as columns"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def nullable_booleans(self):
"""Target database allows boolean columns to store NULL."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def nullsordering(self):
"""Target backends that support nulls ordering."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def standalone_binds(self):
"""target database/driver supports bound parameters as column expressions
without being in the context of a typed column.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def standalone_null_binds_whereclause(self):
"""target database/driver supports bound parameters with NULL in the
WHERE clause, in situations where it has to be typed.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def intersect(self):
"""Target database must support INTERSECT or equivalent."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def except_(self):
"""Target database must support EXCEPT or equivalent (i.e. MINUS)."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def window_functions(self):
"""Target database must support window functions."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def ctes(self):
"""Target database supports CTEs"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def ctes_with_update_delete(self):
"""target database supports CTES that ride on top of a normal UPDATE
or DELETE statement which refers to the CTE in a correlated subquery.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def ctes_on_dml(self):
"""target database supports CTES which consist of INSERT, UPDATE
or DELETE *within* the CTE, e.g. WITH x AS (UPDATE....)"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def autoincrement_insert(self):
"""target platform generates new surrogate integer primary key values
when insert() is executed, excluding the pk column."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def fetch_rows_post_commit(self):
"""target platform will allow cursor.fetchone() to proceed after a
COMMIT.
Typically this refers to an INSERT statement with RETURNING which
is invoked within "autocommit". If the row can be returned
after the autocommit, then this rule can be open.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def group_by_complex_expression(self):
"""target platform supports SQL expressions in GROUP BY
e.g.
SELECT x + y AS somelabel FROM table GROUP BY x + y
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def sane_rowcount(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: not config.db.dialect.supports_sane_rowcount,
"driver doesn't support 'sane' rowcount",
)
@property
def sane_multi_rowcount(self):
return exclusions.fails_if(
lambda config: not config.db.dialect.supports_sane_multi_rowcount,
"driver %(driver)s %(doesnt_support)s 'sane' multi row count",
)
@property
def sane_rowcount_w_returning(self):
return exclusions.fails_if(
lambda config: not (
config.db.dialect.supports_sane_rowcount_returning
),
"driver doesn't support 'sane' rowcount when returning is on",
)
@property
def empty_inserts(self):
"""target platform supports INSERT with no values, i.e.
INSERT DEFAULT VALUES or equivalent."""
return exclusions.only_if(
lambda config: config.db.dialect.supports_empty_insert
or config.db.dialect.supports_default_values,
"empty inserts not supported",
)
@property
def insert_from_select(self):
"""target platform supports INSERT from a SELECT."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def returning(self):
"""target platform supports RETURNING."""
return exclusions.only_if(
lambda config: config.db.dialect.implicit_returning,
"%(database)s %(does_support)s 'returning'",
)
@property
def tuple_in(self):
"""Target platform supports the syntax
"(x, y) IN ((x1, y1), (x2, y2), ...)"
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def tuple_in_w_empty(self):
"""Target platform tuple IN w/ empty set"""
return self.tuple_in
@property
def duplicate_names_in_cursor_description(self):
"""target platform supports a SELECT statement that has
the same name repeated more than once in the columns list."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def denormalized_names(self):
"""Target database must have 'denormalized', i.e.
UPPERCASE as case insensitive names."""
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: not config.db.dialect.requires_name_normalize,
"Backend does not require denormalized names.",
)
@property
def multivalues_inserts(self):
"""target database must support multiple VALUES clauses in an
INSERT statement."""
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: not config.db.dialect.supports_multivalues_insert,
"Backend does not support multirow inserts.",
)
@property
def implements_get_lastrowid(self):
"""target dialect implements the executioncontext.get_lastrowid()
method without reliance on RETURNING.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def emulated_lastrowid(self):
"""target dialect retrieves cursor.lastrowid, or fetches
from a database-side function after an insert() construct executes,
within the get_lastrowid() method.
Only dialects that "pre-execute", or need RETURNING to get last
inserted id, would return closed/fail/skip for this.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def dbapi_lastrowid(self):
"""target platform includes a 'lastrowid' accessor on the DBAPI
cursor object.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def views(self):
"""Target database must support VIEWs."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def schemas(self):
"""Target database must support external schemas, and have one
named 'test_schema'."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def cross_schema_fk_reflection(self):
"""target system must support reflection of inter-schema foreign
keys"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def foreign_key_constraint_name_reflection(self):
"""Target supports refleciton of FOREIGN KEY constraints and
will return the name of the constraint that was used in the
"CONSTRANT <name> FOREIGN KEY" DDL.
MySQL prior to version 8 and MariaDB prior to version 10.5
don't support this.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def implicit_default_schema(self):
"""target system has a strong concept of 'default' schema that can
be referred to implicitly.
basically, PostgreSQL.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def server_side_cursors(self):
"""Target dialect must support server side cursors."""
return exclusions.only_if(
[lambda config: config.db.dialect.supports_server_side_cursors],
"no server side cursors support",
)
@property
def sequences(self):
"""Target database must support SEQUENCEs."""
return exclusions.only_if(
[lambda config: config.db.dialect.supports_sequences],
"no sequence support",
)
@property
def sequences_optional(self):
"""Target database supports sequences, but also optionally
as a means of generating new PK values."""
return exclusions.only_if(
[
lambda config: config.db.dialect.supports_sequences
and config.db.dialect.sequences_optional
],
"no sequence support, or sequences not optional",
)
@property
def supports_lastrowid(self):
"""target database / driver supports cursor.lastrowid as a means
of retrieving the last inserted primary key value.
note that if the target DB supports sequences also, this is still
assumed to work. This is a new use case brought on by MariaDB 10.3.
"""
return exclusions.only_if(
[lambda config: config.db.dialect.postfetch_lastrowid]
)
@property
def no_lastrowid_support(self):
"""the opposite of supports_lastrowid"""
return exclusions.NotPredicate(self.supports_lastrowid)
@property
def reflects_pk_names(self):
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def table_reflection(self):
return exclusions.open()
@property
def comment_reflection(self):
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def view_column_reflection(self):
"""target database must support retrieval of the columns in a view,
similarly to how a table is inspected.
This does not include the full CREATE VIEW definition.
"""
return self.views
@property
def view_reflection(self):
"""target database must support inspection of the full CREATE VIEW
definition."""
return self.views
@property
def schema_reflection(self):
return self.schemas
@property
def primary_key_constraint_reflection(self):
return exclusions.open()
@property
def foreign_key_constraint_reflection(self):
return exclusions.open()
@property
def foreign_key_constraint_option_reflection_ondelete(self):
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def foreign_key_constraint_option_reflection_onupdate(self):
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def temp_table_reflection(self):
return exclusions.open()
@property
def temp_table_names(self):
"""target dialect supports listing of temporary table names"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def temporary_tables(self):
"""target database supports temporary tables"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def temporary_views(self):
"""target database supports temporary views"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def index_reflection(self):
return exclusions.open()
@property
def indexes_with_ascdesc(self):
"""target database supports CREATE INDEX with per-column ASC/DESC."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def indexes_with_expressions(self):
"""target database supports CREATE INDEX against SQL expressions."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def unique_constraint_reflection(self):
"""target dialect supports reflection of unique constraints"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def check_constraint_reflection(self):
"""target dialect supports reflection of check constraints"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def duplicate_key_raises_integrity_error(self):
"""target dialect raises IntegrityError when reporting an INSERT
with a primary key violation. (hint: it should)
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def unbounded_varchar(self):
"""Target database must support VARCHAR with no length"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def unicode_data(self):
"""Target database/dialect must support Python unicode objects with
non-ASCII characters represented, delivered as bound parameters
as well as in result rows.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def unicode_ddl(self):
"""Target driver must support some degree of non-ascii symbol
names.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def symbol_names_w_double_quote(self):
"""Target driver can create tables with a name like 'some " table'"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def datetime_literals(self):
"""target dialect supports rendering of a date, time, or datetime as a
literal string, e.g. via the TypeEngine.literal_processor() method.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def datetime(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.datetime() objects."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def datetime_microseconds(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.datetime() with microsecond objects."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def timestamp_microseconds(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.datetime() with microsecond objects but only
if TIMESTAMP is used."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def datetime_historic(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.datetime() objects with historic (pre 1970) values."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def date(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.date() objects."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def date_coerces_from_datetime(self):
"""target dialect accepts a datetime object as the target
of a date column."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def date_historic(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.datetime() objects with historic (pre 1970) values."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def time(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.time() objects."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def time_microseconds(self):
"""target dialect supports representation of Python
datetime.time() with microsecond objects."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def binary_comparisons(self):
"""target database/driver can allow BLOB/BINARY fields to be compared
against a bound parameter value.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def binary_literals(self):
"""target backend supports simple binary literals, e.g. an
expression like::
SELECT CAST('foo' AS BINARY)
Where ``BINARY`` is the type emitted from :class:`.LargeBinary`,
e.g. it could be ``BLOB`` or similar.
Basically fails on Oracle.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def autocommit(self):
"""target dialect supports 'AUTOCOMMIT' as an isolation_level"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def isolation_level(self):
"""target dialect supports general isolation level settings.
Note that this requirement, when enabled, also requires that
the get_isolation_levels() method be implemented.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
def get_isolation_levels(self, config):
"""Return a structure of supported isolation levels for the current
testing dialect.
The structure indicates to the testing suite what the expected
"default" isolation should be, as well as the other values that
are accepted. The dictionary has two keys, "default" and "supported".
The "supported" key refers to a list of all supported levels and
it should include AUTOCOMMIT if the dialect supports it.
If the :meth:`.DefaultRequirements.isolation_level` requirement is
not open, then this method has no return value.
E.g.::
>>> testing.requirements.get_isolation_levels()
{
"default": "READ_COMMITED",
"supported": [
"SERIALIZABLE", "READ UNCOMMITTED",
"READ COMMITTED", "REPEATABLE READ",
"AUTOCOMMIT"
]
}
"""
@property
def json_type(self):
"""target platform implements a native JSON type."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def json_array_indexes(self):
"""target platform supports numeric array indexes
within a JSON structure"""
return self.json_type
@property
def json_index_supplementary_unicode_element(self):
return exclusions.open()
@property
def precision_numerics_general(self):
"""target backend has general support for moderately high-precision
numerics."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def precision_numerics_enotation_small(self):
"""target backend supports Decimal() objects using E notation
to represent very small values."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def precision_numerics_enotation_large(self):
"""target backend supports Decimal() objects using E notation
to represent very large values."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def precision_numerics_many_significant_digits(self):
"""target backend supports values with many digits on both sides,
such as 319438950232418390.273596, 87673.594069654243
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def implicit_decimal_binds(self):
"""target backend will return a selected Decimal as a Decimal, not
a string.
e.g.::
expr = decimal.Decimal("15.7563")
value = e.scalar(
select([literal(expr)])
)
assert value == expr
See :ticket:`4036`
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def nested_aggregates(self):
"""target database can select an aggregate from a subquery that's
also using an aggregate
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def recursive_fk_cascade(self):
"""target database must support ON DELETE CASCADE on a self-referential
foreign key
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def precision_numerics_retains_significant_digits(self):
"""A precision numeric type will return empty significant digits,
i.e. a value such as 10.000 will come back in Decimal form with
the .000 maintained."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def precision_generic_float_type(self):
"""target backend will return native floating point numbers with at
least seven decimal places when using the generic Float type.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def floats_to_four_decimals(self):
"""target backend can return a floating-point number with four
significant digits (such as 15.7563) accurately
(i.e. without FP inaccuracies, such as 15.75629997253418).
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def fetch_null_from_numeric(self):
"""target backend doesn't crash when you try to select a NUMERIC
value that has a value of NULL.
Added to support Pyodbc bug #351.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def text_type(self):
"""Target database must support an unbounded Text() "
"type such as TEXT or CLOB"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def empty_strings_varchar(self):
"""target database can persist/return an empty string with a
varchar.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def empty_strings_text(self):
"""target database can persist/return an empty string with an
unbounded text."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def expressions_against_unbounded_text(self):
"""target database supports use of an unbounded textual field in a
WHERE clause."""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def selectone(self):
"""target driver must support the literal statement 'select 1'"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def savepoints(self):
"""Target database must support savepoints."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def two_phase_transactions(self):
"""Target database must support two-phase transactions."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def update_from(self):
"""Target must support UPDATE..FROM syntax"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def delete_from(self):
"""Target must support DELETE FROM..FROM or DELETE..USING syntax"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def update_where_target_in_subquery(self):
"""Target must support UPDATE (or DELETE) where the same table is
present in a subquery in the WHERE clause.
This is an ANSI-standard syntax that apparently MySQL can't handle,
such as::
UPDATE documents SET flag=1 WHERE documents.title IN
(SELECT max(documents.title) AS title
FROM documents GROUP BY documents.user_id
)
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def mod_operator_as_percent_sign(self):
"""target database must use a plain percent '%' as the 'modulus'
operator."""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def percent_schema_names(self):
"""target backend supports weird identifiers with percent signs
in them, e.g. 'some % column'.
this is a very weird use case but often has problems because of
DBAPIs that use python formatting. It's not a critical use
case either.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def order_by_col_from_union(self):
"""target database supports ordering by a column from a SELECT
inside of a UNION
E.g. (SELECT id, ...) UNION (SELECT id, ...) ORDER BY id
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def order_by_label_with_expression(self):
"""target backend supports ORDER BY a column label within an
expression.
Basically this::
select data as foo from test order by foo || 'bar'
Lots of databases including PostgreSQL don't support this,
so this is off by default.
"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def order_by_collation(self):
def check(config):
try:
self.get_order_by_collation(config)
return False
except NotImplementedError:
return True
return exclusions.skip_if(check)
def get_order_by_collation(self, config):
raise NotImplementedError()
@property
def unicode_connections(self):
"""Target driver must support non-ASCII characters being passed at
all.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def graceful_disconnects(self):
"""Target driver must raise a DBAPI-level exception, such as
InterfaceError, when the underlying connection has been closed
and the execute() method is called.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def independent_connections(self):
"""
Target must support simultaneous, independent database connections.
"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def skip_mysql_on_windows(self):
"""Catchall for a large variety of MySQL on Windows failures"""
return exclusions.open()
@property
def ad_hoc_engines(self):
"""Test environment must allow ad-hoc engine/connection creation.
DBs that scale poorly for many connections, even when closed, i.e.
Oracle, may use the "--low-connections" option which flags this
requirement as not present.
"""
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: config.options.low_connections
)
@property
def timing_intensive(self):
return exclusions.requires_tag("timing_intensive")
@property
def memory_intensive(self):
return exclusions.requires_tag("memory_intensive")
@property
def threading_with_mock(self):
"""Mark tests that use threading and mock at the same time - stability
issues have been observed with coverage + python 3.3
"""
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: util.py3k and config.options.has_coverage,
"Stability issues with coverage + py3k",
)
@property
def python2(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda: sys.version_info >= (3,),
"Python version 2.xx is required.",
)
@property
def python3(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda: sys.version_info < (3,), "Python version 3.xx is required."
)
@property
def pep520(self):
return self.python36
@property
def python36(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda: sys.version_info < (3, 6),
"Python version 3.6 or greater is required.",
)
@property
def python37(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda: sys.version_info < (3, 7),
"Python version 3.7 or greater is required.",
)
@property
def cpython(self):
return exclusions.only_if(
lambda: util.cpython, "cPython interpreter needed"
)
@property
def non_broken_pickle(self):
from sqlalchemy.util import pickle
return exclusions.only_if(
lambda: not util.pypy
and pickle.__name__ == "cPickle"
or sys.version_info >= (3, 2),
"Needs cPickle+cPython or newer Python 3 pickle",
)
@property
def predictable_gc(self):
"""target platform must remove all cycles unconditionally when
gc.collect() is called, as well as clean out unreferenced subclasses.
"""
return self.cpython
@property
def no_coverage(self):
"""Test should be skipped if coverage is enabled.
This is to block tests that exercise libraries that seem to be
sensitive to coverage, such as PostgreSQL notice logging.
"""
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: config.options.has_coverage,
"Issues observed when coverage is enabled",
)
def _has_mysql_on_windows(self, config):
return False
def _has_mysql_fully_case_sensitive(self, config):
return False
@property
def sqlite(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(lambda: not self._has_sqlite())
@property
def cextensions(self):
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda: not self._has_cextensions(), "C extensions not installed"
)
def _has_sqlite(self):
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
try:
create_engine("sqlite://")
return True
except ImportError:
return False
def _has_cextensions(self):
try:
from sqlalchemy import cresultproxy, cprocessors # noqa
return True
except ImportError:
return False
@property
def computed_columns(self):
"Supports computed columns"
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def computed_columns_stored(self):
"Supports computed columns with `persisted=True`"
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def computed_columns_virtual(self):
"Supports computed columns with `persisted=False`"
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def computed_columns_default_persisted(self):
"""If the default persistence is virtual or stored when `persisted`
is omitted"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def computed_columns_reflect_persisted(self):
"""If persistence information is returned by the reflection of
computed columns"""
return exclusions.closed()
@property
def supports_is_distinct_from(self):
"""Supports some form of "x IS [NOT] DISTINCT FROM y" construct.
Different dialects will implement their own flavour, e.g.,
sqlite will emit "x IS NOT y" instead of "x IS DISTINCT FROM y".
.. seealso::
:meth:`.ColumnOperators.is_distinct_from`
"""
return exclusions.skip_if(
lambda config: not config.db.dialect.supports_is_distinct_from,
"driver doesn't support an IS DISTINCT FROM construct",
)