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#ifndef RBIMPL_INTERN_ARRAY_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RBIMPL_INTERN_ARRAY_H
/**
* @file
* @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
* @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
* implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
* rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
* is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
* at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
* anytime at will.
* @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
* recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
* Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
* We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
* extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
* @brief Public APIs related to ::rb_cArray.
*/
#include "ruby/internal/attr/noalias.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/noexcept.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/pure.h"
#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
/* array.c */
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL(())
RBIMPL_ATTR_NOALIAS()
/**
* Fills the memory region with a series of ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* @param[out] buf Buffer to squash.
* @param[in] len Number of objects of `buf`.
* @post `buf` is filled with ::RUBY_Qnil.
*/
void rb_mem_clear(VALUE *buf, long len)
RBIMPL_ATTR_NOEXCEPT(true)
;
/**
* Identical to rb_ary_new_from_values(), except it expects exactly two
* parameters.
*
* @param[in] car Arbitrary ruby object.
* @param[in] cdr Arbitrary ruby object.
* @return An allocated new array, of length 2, whose contents are the
* passed objects.
*/
VALUE rb_assoc_new(VALUE car, VALUE cdr);
/**
* Try converting an object to its array representation using its `to_ary`
* method, if any. If there is no such thing, returns ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* @param[in] obj Arbitrary ruby object to convert.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj.to_ary` returned something non-Array.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil No conversion from `obj` to array defined.
* @retval otherwise Converted array representation of `obj`.
* @see rb_io_check_io
* @see rb_check_string_type
* @see rb_check_hash_type
*/
VALUE rb_check_array_type(VALUE obj);
/**
* Allocates a new, empty array.
*
* @return An allocated new array, whose length is 0.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_new(void);
/**
* Identical to rb_ary_new(), except it additionally specifies how many rooms
* of objects it should allocate. This way you can create an array whose
* capacity is bigger than the length of it. If you can say that an array
* grows to a specific amount, this could be effective than resizing an array
* over and over again and again.
*
* @param[in] capa Designed capacity of the generating array.
* @return An empty array, whose capacity is `capa`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_new_capa(long capa);
/**
* Constructs an array from the passed objects.
*
* @param[in] n Number of passed objects.
* @param[in] ... Arbitrary ruby objects, filled into the returning array.
* @return An array of size `n`, whose contents are the passed objects.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_new_from_args(long n, ...);
/**
* Identical to rb_ary_new_from_args(), except how objects are passed.
*
* @param[in] n Number of objects of `elts`.
* @param[in] elts Arbitrary ruby objects, filled into the returning array.
* @return An array of size `n`, whose contents are the passed objects.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_new_from_values(long n, const VALUE *elts);
/**
* Allocates a hidden (no class) empty array.
*
* @param[in] capa Designed capacity of the array.
* @return A hidden, empty array.
* @see rb_obj_hide()
*/
VALUE rb_ary_hidden_new(long capa);
#define rb_ary_tmp_new rb_ary_hidden_new
/**
* Destroys the given array for no reason.
*
* @warning DO NOT USE IT.
* @warning Leave this task to our GC.
* @warning It was a wrong indea at the first place to let you know about it.
*
* @param[out] ary The array to be executed.
* @post The given array no longer exists.
* @note Maybe `Array#clear` could be what you want.
*
* @internal
*
* Should have moved this to `internal/array.h`.
*/
void rb_ary_free(VALUE ary);
/**
* Declares that the array is about to be modified. This for instance let the
* array have a dedicated backend storage.
*
* @param[out] ary Array about to be modified.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @post Upon successful return the passed array is eligible to be
* modified.
*/
void rb_ary_modify(VALUE ary);
/** @alias{rb_obj_freeze} */
VALUE rb_ary_freeze(VALUE obj);
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
/**
* Queries if the passed two arrays share the same backend storage. A use-case
* for knowing such property is to take a snapshot of an array (using
* e.g. rb_ary_replace()), then check later if that snapshot still shares the
* storage with the original. Taking a snapshot is ultra-cheap. If nothing
* happens the impact shall be minimal. But if someone modifies the original,
* that entity shall pay the cost of copy-on-write. You can detect that using
* this API.
*
* @param[in] lhs Comparison LHS.
* @param[in] rhs Comparison RHS.
* @retval RUBY_Qtrue They share the same backend storage.
* @retval RUBY_Qfalse They are distinct.
* @pre Both arguments must be of ::RUBY_T_ARRAY.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_shared_with_p(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs);
/**
* Queries element(s) of an array. This is complicated! Refer `Array#slice`
* document for the complete description of how it behaves.
*
* @param[in] argc Number of objects of `argv`.
* @param[in] argv Up to 2 objects.
* @param[in] ary Target array.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `argv` (or its part) includes non-Integer.
* @exception rb_eRangeError rb_cArithSeq is passed, and is OOB.
* @return An element (if requested), or an array of elements (if
* requested), or ::RUBY_Qnil (if index OOB).
*
* @internal
*
* ```rbs
* # "int" is ::Integer or `#to_int`, defined in builtin.rbs
*
* class ::Array[unchecked out T]
* def slice
* : (int i) -> T?
* | (int beg, int len) -> ::Array[T]?
* | (Range[int] r) -> ::Array[T]?
* | (ArithmeticSequence as) -> ::Array[T]? # This also raises RangeError.
* end
* ```
*/
VALUE rb_ary_aref(int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE ary);
/**
* Obtains a part of the passed array.
*
* @param[in] ary Target array.
* @param[in] beg Subpart index.
* @param[in] len Requested length of returning array.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Requested range out of bounds of `ary`.
* @retval otherwise An allocated new array whose contents are `ary`'s
* `beg` to `len`.
* @note Return array can be shorter than `len` when for instance
* `[0, 1, 2, 3]`'s 4th to 1,000,000,000th is requested.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_subseq(VALUE ary, long beg, long len);
/**
* Destructively stores the passed value to the passed array's passed index.
* It also resizes the array's backend storage so that the requested index is
* not out of bounds.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @param[in] key Where to store `val`.
* @param[in] val What to store at `key`.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @exception rb_eIndexError `key` is negative.
* @post `ary`'s `key`th position is occupied with `val`.
* @post Depending on `key` and previous length of `ary` this operation
* can also create a series of "hole" positions inside of the
* backend storage. They are filled with ::RUBY_Qnil.
*/
void rb_ary_store(VALUE ary, long key, VALUE val);
/**
* Duplicates an array.
*
* @param[in] ary Target to duplicate.
* @return An allocated new array whose contents are identical to `ary`.
*
* @internal
*
* Not sure why this has to be something different from `ary_make_shared_copy`,
* which seems much efficient.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_dup(VALUE ary);
/**
* I guess there is no use case of this function in extension libraries, but
* this is a routine identical to rb_ary_dup(). This makes the most sense when
* the passed array is formerly hidden by rb_obj_hide().
*
* @param[in] ary An array, possibly hidden.
* @return A duplicated new instance of ::rb_cArray.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_resurrect(VALUE ary);
/**
* Force converts an object to an array. It first tries its `#to_ary` method.
* Takes the result if any. Otherwise creates an array of size 1 whose sole
* element is the passed object.
*
* @param[in] obj Arbitrary ruby object.
* @return An array representation of `obj`.
* @note Unlike rb_str_to_str() which is a variant of
* rb_check_string_type(), rb_ary_to_ary() is not a variant of
* rb_check_array_type().
*/
VALUE rb_ary_to_ary(VALUE obj);
/**
* Converts an array into a human-readable string. Historically its behaviour
* changed over time. Currently it is identical to calling `inspect` method.
* This behaviour is from that of python (!!) circa 2006.
*
* @param[in] ary Array to inspect.
* @return Recursively inspected representation of `ary`.
* @see `[ruby-dev:29520]`
*/
VALUE rb_ary_to_s(VALUE ary);
/**
* Destructively appends multiple elements at the end of the array.
*
* @param[out] ary Where to push `train`.
* @param[in] train Arbitrary ruby objects to push to `ary`.
* @param[in] len Number of objects of `train`.
* @exception rb_eIndexError `len` too large.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return The passed `ary`.
* @post `ary` has contents from `train` appended at its end.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_cat(VALUE ary, const VALUE *train, long len);
/**
* Special case of rb_ary_cat() that it adds only one element.
*
* @param[out] ary Where to push `elem`.
* @param[in] elem Arbitrary ruby object to push.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return The passed `ary`.
* @post `ary` has `elem` appended at its end.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_push(VALUE ary, VALUE elem);
/**
* Destructively deletes an element from the end of the passed array and
* returns what was deleted.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return What was at the end of `ary`, or ::RUBY_Qnil if there is
* nothing to remove.
* @post `ary`'s last element, if any, is removed.
* @note There is no way to distinguish whether `ary` was an 1-element
* array whose content was ::RUBY_Qnil, or was empty.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_pop(VALUE ary);
/**
* Destructively deletes an element from the beginning of the passed array and
* returns what was deleted. It can also be seen as a routine identical to
* rb_ary_pop(), except which side of the array to scrub.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return What was at the beginning of `ary`, or ::RUBY_Qnil if there is
* nothing to remove.
* @post `ary`'s first element, if any, is removed. As the name implies
* everything else remaining in `ary` gets moved towards `ary`'s
* beginning.
* @note There is no way to distinguish whether `ary` was an 1-element
* array whose content was ::RUBY_Qnil, or was empty.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_shift(VALUE ary);
/**
* Destructively prepends the passed item at the beginning of the passed array.
* It can also be seen as a routine identical to rb_ary_push(), except which
* side of the array to modify.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @param[in] elem Arbitrary ruby object to unshift.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return The passed `ary`.
* @post `ary` has `elem` prepended at this beginning.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_unshift(VALUE ary, VALUE elem);
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
/**
* Queries an element of an array. When passed offset is negative it counts
* backwards.
*
* @param[in] ary An array to look into.
* @param[in] off Offset (can be negative).
* @return ::RUBY_Qnil when `off` is out of bounds of `ary`. Otherwise
* what is stored at `off`-th position of `ary`.
* @note `ary`'s `off`-th element can happen to be ::RUBY_Qnil.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_entry(VALUE ary, long off);
/**
* Iteratively yields each element of the passed array to the implicitly passed
* block if any. In case there is no block given, an enumerator that does the
* thing is generated instead.
*
* @param[in] ary Array to iterate over.
* @retval ary Passed block was evaluated.
* @retval otherwise An instance of ::rb_cEnumerator for `Array#each`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_each(VALUE ary);
/**
* Recursively stringises the elements of the passed array, flattens that
* result, then joins the sequence using the passed separator.
*
* @param[in] ary Target array to convert.
* @param[in] sep Separator. Either a string, or ::RUBY_Qnil
* if you want no separator.
* @exception rb_eArgError Infinite recursion in `ary`.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `sep` is not a string.
* @exception rb_eEncCompatError Strings do not agree with their encodings.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString which concatenates stringised
* contents of `ary`, using `sep` as separator.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_join(VALUE ary, VALUE sep);
/**
* _Destructively_ reverses the passed array in-place.
*
* @warning This is `Array#reverse!`, not `Array#reverse`.
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return Passed `ary`.
* @post `ary` is reversed.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_reverse(VALUE ary);
/**
* _Destructively_ rotates the passed array in-place to towards its end. The
* amount can be negative. Would rotate to the opposite direction then.
*
* @warning This is `Array#rotate!`, not `Array#rotate`.
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @param[in] rot Amount of rotation.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Not rotated.
* @retval ary Rotated.
* @post `ary` is rotated.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_rotate(VALUE ary, long rot);
/**
* Creates a copy of the passed array, whose elements are sorted according to
* their `<=>` result.
*
* @param[in] ary Array to sort.
* @exception rb_eArgError Comparison not defined among elements.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError Infinite recursion in `<=>`.
* @return A copy of `ary`, sorted.
* @note As of writing this function uses `qsort` as backend algorithm,
* which means the result is unstable (in terms of sort stability).
*/
VALUE rb_ary_sort(VALUE ary);
/**
* Destructively sorts the passed array in-place, according to each elements'
* `<=>` result.
*
* @param[in] ary Target array to modify.
* @exception rb_eArgError Comparison not defined among elements.
* @exception rb_eRuntimeError Infinite recursion in `<=>`.
* @return Passed `ary`.
* @post `ary` is sorted.
* @note As of writing this function uses `qsort` as backend algorithm,
* which means the result is unstable (in terms of sort stability).
*/
VALUE rb_ary_sort_bang(VALUE ary);
/**
* Destructively removes elements from the passed array, so that there would be
* no elements inside that satisfy `==` relationship with the passed object.
* Returns the last deleted element if any. But in case there was nothing to
* delete it gets complicated. It checks for the implicitly passed block. If
* there is a block the return value would be what the block evaluates to.
* Otherwise it resorts to ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @param[in] elem Template object to match against each element.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return What was deleted, or what was the block returned, or
* ::RUBY_Qnil (see above).
* @post All elements that have `==` relationship with `elem` are purged
* from `ary`. Elements shift their positions so that `ary` gets
* compact.
*
* @internal
*
* Internally there also is `rb_ary_delete_same`, which compares by identity.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_delete(VALUE ary, VALUE elem);
/**
* Destructively removes an element which resides at the specific index of the
* passed array. Unlike rb_ary_stre() the index can be negative, which means
* the index counts backwards from the array's tail.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @param[in] pos Position (can be negative).
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return What was deleted, or ::RUBY_Qnil in case of OOB.
* @post `ary`'s `pos`-th element is deleted if any.
* @note There is no way to distinguish whether `pos` is out of bound,
* or `pos` did exist but stored ::RUBY_Qnil as an ordinal value.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_delete_at(VALUE ary, long pos);
/**
* Destructively removes everything form an array.
*
* @param[out] ary Target array to modify.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @return The passed `ary`.
* @post `ary` is an empty array.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_clear(VALUE ary);
/**
* Creates a new array, concatenating the former to the latter.
*
* @param[in] lhs Source array #1.
* @param[in] rhs Source array #2.
* @exception rb_eIndexError Result array too big.
* @return A new array containing `rhs` concatenated to `lhs`.
* @note This operation doesn't commute. Don't get confused by the
* "plus" terminology. For historical reasons there are some
* noncommutative `+`s in Ruby. This is one of such things. There
* has been a long discussion around `+`s in programming languages.
*
* @internal
*
* rb_ary_concat() is not a destructive version of rb_ary_plus(). They raise
* different exceptions. Don't know why though.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_plus(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs);
/**
* Destructively appends the contents of latter into the end of former.
*
* @param[out] lhs Destination array.
* @param[in] rhs Source array.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `lhs` is frozen.
* @exception rb_eIndexError Result array too big.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `rhs` doesn't respond to `#to_ary`.
* @return The passed `lhs`.
* @post `lhs` has contents of `rhs` appended to its end.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_concat(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs);
/**
* Looks up the passed key, assuming the passed array is an alist. An "alist"
* here is a list of "association"s, much like that of Emacs. Emacs has
* `assoc` function that behaves exactly the same as this one.
*
* ```ruby
* # This is an example of aliist.
* auto_mode_alist = [
* [ /\.[ch]\z/, :"c-mode" ],
* [ /\.[ch]pp\z/, :"c++-mode" ],
* [ /\.awk\z/, :"awk-mode" ],
* [ /\.cs\z/, :"csharp-mode" ],
* [ /\.go\z/, :"go-mode" ],
* [ /\.java\z/, :"java-mode" ],
* [ /\.pas\z/, :"pascal-mode" ],
* [ /\.rs\z/, :"rust-mode" ],
* [ /\.txt\z/, :"text-mode" ],
* ]
* ```
*
* This function scans the passed array looking for an element, which itself is
* an array, whose first element is the passed key. If no such element is
* found, returns ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* Although this function expects the passed array be an array of arrays, it
* can happily accept non-array elements; it just ignores such things.
*
* @param[in] alist An array of arrays.
* @param[in] key Needle.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Nothing was found.
* @retval otherwise An element in `alist` whose first element is in `==`
* relationship with `key`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_assoc(VALUE alist, VALUE key);
/**
* Identical to rb_ary_assoc(), except it scans the passed array from the
* opposite direction.
*
* @param[in] alist An array of arrays.
* @param[in] key Needle.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Nothing was found.
* @retval otherwise An element in `alist` whose first element is in `==`
* relationship with `key`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_rassoc(VALUE alist, VALUE key);
/**
* Queries if the passed array has the passed entry.
*
* @param[in] ary Target array to scan.
* @param[in] elem Target array to find.
* @retval RUBY_Qfalse No element in `ary` is in `==` relationship with
* `elem`.
* @retval RUBY_Qtrue There is at least one element in `ary` which is in
* `==` relationship with `elem`.
*
* @internal
*
* This is the only function in the entire C API that is named using third
* person singular form of a verb (except #ISASCII etc., which are not our
* naming). The counterpart Ruby API of this function is `Array#include?`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_includes(VALUE ary, VALUE elem);
/**
* Recursively compares each elements of the two arrays one-by-one using `<=>`.
*
* @param[in] lhs Comparison LHS.
* @param[in] rhs Comparison RHS.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil `lhs` and `rhs` are not comparable.
* @retval -1 `lhs` is less than `rhs`.
* @retval 0 They are equal.
* @retval 1 `rhs` is less then `lhs`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_cmp(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs);
/**
* Replaces the contents of the former object with the contents of the latter.
*
* @param[out] copy Destination object.
* @param[in] orig Source object.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `orig` has no implicit conversion to Array.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `copy` is frozen.
* @return The passed `copy`.
* @post `copy`'s former components are abandoned. It now has the
* identical length and contents to `orig`.
*/
VALUE rb_ary_replace(VALUE copy, VALUE orig);
/**
* This _was_ a generalisation of `Array#values_at`, `Struct#values_at`, and
* `MatchData#values_at`. It begun its life as a refactoring effort. However
* as Ruby evolves over time, as of writing none of aforementioned methods
* share their implementations at all. This function is not deprecated; still
* works as it has been. But it is now kind of like a rudimentum.
*
* This function takes an object, which is a receiver, and a series of
* "indices", which are either integers, or ranges of integers. Calls the
* passed callback for each of those indices, along with the receiver. This
* callback is expected to do something like rb_ary_aref(), rb_struct_aref(),
* etc. In case of a range index rb_range_beg_len() expands the range.
* Finally return values of the callback are gathered as an array, then
* returned.
*
* @param[in] obj Arbitrary ruby object.
* @param[in] olen "Length" of `obj`.
* @param[in] argc Number of objects of `argv`.
* @param[in] argv List of "indices", described above.
* @param[in] func Callback function.
* @return A new instance of ::rb_cArray gathering `func`outputs.
*
* @internal
*
* `Array#values_at` no longer uses this function. There is no reason apart
* from historical ones to list this function here.
*/
VALUE rb_get_values_at(VALUE obj, long olen, int argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE (*func)(VALUE obj, long oidx));
/**
* Expands or shrinks the passed array to the passed length.
*
* @param[out] ary An array to modify.
* @param[in] len Desired length of `ary`.
* @exception rb_eFrozenError `ary` is frozen.
* @exception rb_eIndexError `len` too long.
* @return The passed `ary`.
* @post `ary`'s length is `len`.
* @post Depending on `len` and previous length of `ary` this operation
* can also create a series of "hole" positions inside of the
* backend storage. They are filled with ::RUBY_Qnil.
*
* @internal
*
* `len` is signed. Intentional or...?
*/
VALUE rb_ary_resize(VALUE ary, long len);
#define rb_ary_new2 rb_ary_new_capa /**< @old{rb_ary_new_capa} */
#define rb_ary_new3 rb_ary_new_from_args /**< @old{rb_ary_new_from_args} */
#define rb_ary_new4 rb_ary_new_from_values /**< @old{rb_ary_new_from_values} */
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
#endif /* RBIMPL_INTERN_ARRAY_H */