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#ifndef RBIMPL_INTERN_NUMERIC_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RBIMPL_INTERN_NUMERIC_H
/**
* @file
* @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
* @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
* implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
* rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
* is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
* at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
* anytime at will.
* @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
* recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
* Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
* We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
* extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
* @brief Public APIs related to ::rb_cNumeric.
*/
#include "ruby/internal/attr/cold.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/noreturn.h"
#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
#include "ruby/internal/value.h"
/**
* @private
*
* @deprecated This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
* any longer today. Exists here for backwards compatibility
* only. You can safely forget about it.
*/
#define RB_NUM_COERCE_FUNCS_NEED_OPID 1
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
/* numeric.c */
RBIMPL_ATTR_NORETURN()
RBIMPL_ATTR_COLD()
/**
* Just always raises an exception.
*
* @exception rb_eZeroDivError Division by zero error.
*/
void rb_num_zerodiv(void);
/**
* @name Coercion operators.
*
* What is a coercion? Well Ruby is basically an OOPL but it also has
* arithmetic operators. They are implemented in OO manners. For instance
* `a+b` is a binary operation `+`, whose receiver is `a`, and whose (sole)
* argument is `b`.
*
* The problem is, you often want `a+b == b+a` to hold. That is easy if both
* `a` and `b` belongs to the same class... Ensuring `1 + 2 == 2 + 1` is kind
* of intuitive. But if you want `1.0 + 2 == 2 + 1.0`, things start getting
* complicated. `1.0+2` is `Float#+`, while `2+1.0` is `Integer#+`. In order
* to achieve the equality Float's and Integer's methods must agree with their
* behaviours.
*
* Now. Floats versus Integers situation is still controllable because they
* are both built-in. But in Ruby you can define your own numeric classes.
* BigDecimal, which is a rubygems gem distributed along with the interpreter,
* is one of such examples. Rational was another such example before. In
* short you cannot create list of all possible combination of the classes that
* could be the operand of `+` operator. Then how do we achieve the
* commutativity?
*
* Here comes the concept of coercion. If a definition of an operator
* encounters an object which is unknown to the author, just assumes that the
* unknown object knows how to handle the situation. So for instance when
* `1+x` has unknown `x`, it lets the `x` handle this.
*
* ```ruby
* class Foo
* def +(x)
* if we_know_what_is_x? then
* ... # handle here
* else
* y, z = x.coerce self
* return y + z
* end
* end
* end
* ```
*
* The `x.coerce` method returns a 2-element array which are "casted" versions
* of `x` and `self`.
*
* @{
*/
/**
* Coerced binary operation. This function first coerces the two objects, then
* applies the operation.
*
* @param[in] lhs LHS operand.
* @param[in] rhs RHS operand.
* @param[in] op Operator method name.
* @exception rb_eTypeError Coercion failed for some reason.
* @return `lhs op rhs`, in a coerced way.
*/
VALUE rb_num_coerce_bin(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs, ID op);
/**
* Identical to rb_num_coerce_bin(), except for return values. This function
* best suits for comparison operators e.g. `<=>`.
*
* @param[in] lhs LHS operand.
* @param[in] rhs RHS operand.
* @param[in] op Operator method name.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Coercion failed for some reason.
* @retval otherwise `lhs op rhs`, in a coerced way.
*/
VALUE rb_num_coerce_cmp(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs, ID op);
/**
* Identical to rb_num_coerce_cmp(), except for return values. This function
* best suits for relationship operators e.g. `<=`.
*
* @param[in] lhs LHS operand.
* @param[in] rhs RHS operand.
* @param[in] op Operator method name.
* @exception rb_eArgError Coercion failed for some reason.
* @return `lhs op rhs`, in a coerced way.
*/
VALUE rb_num_coerce_relop(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs, ID op);
/**
* This one is optimised for bitwise operations, but the API is identical to
* rb_num_coerce_bin().
*
* @param[in] lhs LHS operand.
* @param[in] rhs RHS operand.
* @param[in] op Operator method name.
* @exception rb_eArgError Coercion failed for some reason.
* @return `lhs op rhs`, in a coerced way.
*/
VALUE rb_num_coerce_bit(VALUE lhs, VALUE rhs, ID op);
/** @} */
/**
* Converts a numeric value into a Fixnum. This is not a preserving
* conversion; for instance 1.5 would be converted into 1.
*
* @param[in] val A numeric object.
* @exception rb_eTypeError No conversion from `val` to Integer.
* @exception rb_eRangeError `val` out of range.
* @return A fixnum converted from `val`.
*
* @internal
*
* This seems used from nowhere?
*/
VALUE rb_num2fix(VALUE val);
/**
* Generates a place-value representation of the given Fixnum, with given
* radix.
*
* @param[in] val A fixnum to stringify.
* @param[in] base `2` to `36` inclusive for each radix.
* @exception rb_eArgError `base` is out of range.
* @return An instance of ::rb_cString representing `val`.
* @pre `val` must be a Fixnum (no checks performed).
*/
VALUE rb_fix2str(VALUE val, int base);
RBIMPL_ATTR_CONST()
/**
* Compares two `double`s. Handy when implementing a spaceship operator.
*
* @param[in] lhs A value.
* @param[in] rhs Another value.
* @retval RB_INT2FIX(-1) `lhs` is "bigger than" `rhs`.
* @retval RB_INT2FIX(1) `rhs` is "bigger than" `lhs`.
* @retval RB_INT2FIX(0) They are equal.
* @retval RUBY_Qnil Not comparable, e.g. NaN.
*/
VALUE rb_dbl_cmp(double lhs, double rhs);
/**
* Raises the passed `x` to the power of `y`.
*
* @note The return value can be really big.
* @note Also the return value can be really small, in case `x` is a
* negative number.
* @param[in] x A number.
* @param[in] y Another number.
* @retval Inf Cannot express the result.
* @retval 1 Either `y` is 0 or `x` is 1.
* @retval otherwise An instance of ::rb_cInteger whose value is `x ** y`.
*
* @internal
*
* This function returns Infinity when `y` is big enough not to fit into a
* Fixnum. Warning is issued then.
*/
RUBY_EXTERN VALUE rb_int_positive_pow(long x, unsigned long y);
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
#endif /* RBIMPL_INTERN_NUMERIC_H */