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# The HTTPHeader module defines methods for reading and writing
# HTTP headers.
#
# It is used as a mixin by other classes, to provide hash-like
# access to HTTP header values. Unlike raw hash access, HTTPHeader
# provides access via case-insensitive keys. It also provides
# methods for accessing commonly-used HTTP header values in more
# convenient formats.
#
module Net::HTTPHeader
def initialize_http_header(initheader)
@header = {}
return unless initheader
initheader.each do |key, value|
warn "net/http: warning: duplicated HTTP header: #{key}" if key?(key) and $VERBOSE
@header[key.downcase] = [value.strip]
end
end
def size #:nodoc: obsolete
@header.size
end
alias length size #:nodoc: obsolete
# Returns the header field corresponding to the case-insensitive key.
# For example, a key of "Content-Type" might return "text/html"
def [](key)
a = @header[key.downcase] or return nil
a.join(', ')
end
# Sets the header field corresponding to the case-insensitive key.
def []=(key, val)
unless val
@header.delete key.downcase
return val
end
@header[key.downcase] = [val]
end
# [Ruby 1.8.3]
# Adds a value to a named header field, instead of replacing its value.
# Second argument +val+ must be a String.
# See also #[]=, #[] and #get_fields.
#
# request.add_field 'X-My-Header', 'a'
# p request['X-My-Header'] #=> "a"
# p request.get_fields('X-My-Header') #=> ["a"]
# request.add_field 'X-My-Header', 'b'
# p request['X-My-Header'] #=> "a, b"
# p request.get_fields('X-My-Header') #=> ["a", "b"]
# request.add_field 'X-My-Header', 'c'
# p request['X-My-Header'] #=> "a, b, c"
# p request.get_fields('X-My-Header') #=> ["a", "b", "c"]
#
def add_field(key, val)
if @header.key?(key.downcase)
@header[key.downcase].push val
else
@header[key.downcase] = [val]
end
end
# [Ruby 1.8.3]
# Returns an array of header field strings corresponding to the
# case-insensitive +key+. This method allows you to get duplicated
# header fields without any processing. See also #[].
#
# p response.get_fields('Set-Cookie')
# #=> ["session=al98axx; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23",
# "query=rubyscript; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23"]
# p response['Set-Cookie']
# #=> "session=al98axx; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23, query=rubyscript; expires=Fri, 31-Dec-1999 23:58:23"
#
def get_fields(key)
return nil unless @header[key.downcase]
@header[key.downcase].dup
end
# Returns the header field corresponding to the case-insensitive key.
# Returns the default value +args+, or the result of the block, or
# raises an IndexError if there's no header field named +key+
# See Hash#fetch
def fetch(key, *args, &block) #:yield: +key+
a = @header.fetch(key.downcase, *args, &block)
a.kind_of?(Array) ? a.join(', ') : a
end
# Iterates through the header names and values, passing in the name
# and value to the code block supplied.
#
# Example:
#
# response.header.each_header {|key,value| puts "#{key} = #{value}" }
#
def each_header #:yield: +key+, +value+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
@header.each do |k,va|
yield k, va.join(', ')
end
end
alias each each_header
# Iterates through the header names in the header, passing
# each header name to the code block.
def each_name(&block) #:yield: +key+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
@header.each_key(&block)
end
alias each_key each_name
# Iterates through the header names in the header, passing
# capitalized header names to the code block.
#
# Note that header names are capitalized systematically;
# capitalization may not match that used by the remote HTTP
# server in its response.
def each_capitalized_name #:yield: +key+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
@header.each_key do |k|
yield capitalize(k)
end
end
# Iterates through header values, passing each value to the
# code block.
def each_value #:yield: +value+
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
@header.each_value do |va|
yield va.join(', ')
end
end
# Removes a header field, specified by case-insensitive key.
def delete(key)
@header.delete(key.downcase)
end
# true if +key+ header exists.
def key?(key)
@header.key?(key.downcase)
end
# Returns a Hash consisting of header names and array of values.
# e.g.
# {"cache-control" => ["private"],
# "content-type" => ["text/html"],
# "date" => ["Wed, 22 Jun 2005 22:11:50 GMT"]}
def to_hash
@header.dup
end
# As for #each_header, except the keys are provided in capitalized form.
#
# Note that header names are capitalized systematically;
# capitalization may not match that used by the remote HTTP
# server in its response.
def each_capitalized
block_given? or return enum_for(__method__)
@header.each do |k,v|
yield capitalize(k), v.join(', ')
end
end
alias canonical_each each_capitalized
def capitalize(name)
name.split(/-/).map {|s| s.capitalize }.join('-')
end
private :capitalize
# Returns an Array of Range objects which represent the Range:
# HTTP header field, or +nil+ if there is no such header.
def range
return nil unless @header['range']
value = self['Range']
# byte-range-set = *( "," OWS ) ( byte-range-spec / suffix-byte-range-spec )
# *( OWS "," [ OWS ( byte-range-spec / suffix-byte-range-spec ) ] )
# corrected collected ABNF
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-19#section-5.4.1
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-19#appendix-C
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-19#section-3.2.5
unless /\Abytes=((?:,[ \t]*)*(?:\d+-\d*|-\d+)(?:[ \t]*,(?:[ \t]*\d+-\d*|-\d+)?)*)\z/ =~ value
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "invalid syntax for byte-ranges-specifier: '#{value}'"
end
byte_range_set = $1
result = byte_range_set.split(/,/).map {|spec|
m = /(\d+)?\s*-\s*(\d+)?/i.match(spec) or
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "invalid byte-range-spec: '#{spec}'"
d1 = m[1].to_i
d2 = m[2].to_i
if m[1] and m[2]
if d1 > d2
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, "last-byte-pos MUST greater than or equal to first-byte-pos but '#{spec}'"
end
d1..d2
elsif m[1]
d1..-1
elsif m[2]
-d2..-1
else
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range is not specified'
end
}
# if result.empty?
# byte-range-set must include at least one byte-range-spec or suffix-byte-range-spec
# but above regexp already denies it.
if result.size == 1 && result[0].begin == 0 && result[0].end == -1
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'only one suffix-byte-range-spec with zero suffix-length'
end
result
end
# Sets the HTTP Range: header.
# Accepts either a Range object as a single argument,
# or a beginning index and a length from that index.
# Example:
#
# req.range = (0..1023)
# req.set_range 0, 1023
#
def set_range(r, e = nil)
unless r
@header.delete 'range'
return r
end
r = (r...r+e) if e
case r
when Numeric
n = r.to_i
rangestr = (n > 0 ? "0-#{n-1}" : "-#{-n}")
when Range
first = r.first
last = r.end
last -= 1 if r.exclude_end?
if last == -1
rangestr = (first > 0 ? "#{first}-" : "-#{-first}")
else
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range.first is negative' if first < 0
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'range.last is negative' if last < 0
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'must be .first < .last' if first > last
rangestr = "#{first}-#{last}"
end
else
raise TypeError, 'Range/Integer is required'
end
@header['range'] = ["bytes=#{rangestr}"]
r
end
alias range= set_range
# Returns an Integer object which represents the HTTP Content-Length:
# header field, or +nil+ if that field was not provided.
def content_length
return nil unless key?('Content-Length')
len = self['Content-Length'].slice(/\d+/) or
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'wrong Content-Length format'
len.to_i
end
def content_length=(len)
unless len
@header.delete 'content-length'
return nil
end
@header['content-length'] = [len.to_i.to_s]
end
# Returns "true" if the "transfer-encoding" header is present and
# set to "chunked". This is an HTTP/1.1 feature, allowing the
# the content to be sent in "chunks" without at the outset
# stating the entire content length.
def chunked?
return false unless @header['transfer-encoding']
field = self['Transfer-Encoding']
(/(?:\A|[^\-\w])chunked(?![\-\w])/i =~ field) ? true : false
end
# Returns a Range object which represents the value of the Content-Range:
# header field.
# For a partial entity body, this indicates where this fragment
# fits inside the full entity body, as range of byte offsets.
def content_range
return nil unless @header['content-range']
m = %r<bytes\s+(\d+)-(\d+)/(\d+|\*)>i.match(self['Content-Range']) or
raise Net::HTTPHeaderSyntaxError, 'wrong Content-Range format'
m[1].to_i .. m[2].to_i
end
# The length of the range represented in Content-Range: header.
def range_length
r = content_range() or return nil
r.end - r.begin + 1
end
# Returns a content type string such as "text/html".
# This method returns nil if Content-Type: header field does not exist.
def content_type
return nil unless main_type()
if sub_type()
then "#{main_type()}/#{sub_type()}"
else main_type()
end
end
# Returns a content type string such as "text".
# This method returns nil if Content-Type: header field does not exist.
def main_type
return nil unless @header['content-type']
self['Content-Type'].split(';').first.to_s.split('/')[0].to_s.strip
end
# Returns a content type string such as "html".
# This method returns nil if Content-Type: header field does not exist
# or sub-type is not given (e.g. "Content-Type: text").
def sub_type
return nil unless @header['content-type']
_, sub = *self['Content-Type'].split(';').first.to_s.split('/')
return nil unless sub
sub.strip
end
# Any parameters specified for the content type, returned as a Hash.
# For example, a header of Content-Type: text/html; charset=EUC-JP
# would result in type_params returning {'charset' => 'EUC-JP'}
def type_params
result = {}
list = self['Content-Type'].to_s.split(';')
list.shift
list.each do |param|
k, v = *param.split('=', 2)
result[k.strip] = v.strip
end
result
end
# Sets the content type in an HTTP header.
# The +type+ should be a full HTTP content type, e.g. "text/html".
# The +params+ are an optional Hash of parameters to add after the
# content type, e.g. {'charset' => 'iso-8859-1'}
def set_content_type(type, params = {})
@header['content-type'] = [type + params.map{|k,v|"; #{k}=#{v}"}.join('')]
end
alias content_type= set_content_type
# Set header fields and a body from HTML form data.
# +params+ should be an Array of Arrays or
# a Hash containing HTML form data.
# Optional argument +sep+ means data record separator.
#
# Values are URL encoded as necessary and the content-type is set to
# application/x-www-form-urlencoded
#
# Example:
# http.form_data = {"q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en"}
# http.form_data = {"q" => ["ruby", "perl"], "lang" => "en"}
# http.set_form_data({"q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en"}, ';')
#
def set_form_data(params, sep = '&')
query = URI.encode_www_form(params)
query.gsub!(/&/, sep) if sep != '&'
self.body = query
self.content_type = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
end
alias form_data= set_form_data
# Set a HTML form data set.
# +params+ is the form data set; it is an Array of Arrays or a Hash
# +enctype is the type to encode the form data set.
# It is application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data.
# +formpot+ is an optional hash to specify the detail.
#
# boundary:: the boundary of the multipart message
# charset:: the charset of the message. All names and the values of
# non-file fields are encoded as the charset.
#
# Each item of params is an array and contains following items:
# +name+:: the name of the field
# +value+:: the value of the field, it should be a String or a File
# +opt+:: an optional hash to specify additional information
#
# Each item is a file field or a normal field.
# If +value+ is a File object or the +opt+ have a filename key,
# the item is treated as a file field.
#
# If Transfer-Encoding is set as chunked, this send the request in
# chunked encoding. Because chunked encoding is HTTP/1.1 feature,
# you must confirm the server to support HTTP/1.1 before sending it.
#
# Example:
# http.set_form([["q", "ruby"], ["lang", "en"]])
#
# See also RFC 2388, RFC 2616, HTML 4.01, and HTML5
#
def set_form(params, enctype='application/x-www-form-urlencoded', formopt={})
@body_data = params
@body = nil
@body_stream = nil
@form_option = formopt
case enctype
when /\Aapplication\/x-www-form-urlencoded\z/i,
/\Amultipart\/form-data\z/i
self.content_type = enctype
else
raise ArgumentError, "invalid enctype: #{enctype}"
end
end
# Set the Authorization: header for "Basic" authorization.
def basic_auth(account, password)
@header['authorization'] = [basic_encode(account, password)]
end
# Set Proxy-Authorization: header for "Basic" authorization.
def proxy_basic_auth(account, password)
@header['proxy-authorization'] = [basic_encode(account, password)]
end
def basic_encode(account, password)
'Basic ' + ["#{account}:#{password}"].pack('m').delete("\r\n")
end
private :basic_encode
def connection_close?
tokens(@header['connection']).include?('close') or
tokens(@header['proxy-connection']).include?('close')
end
def connection_keep_alive?
tokens(@header['connection']).include?('keep-alive') or
tokens(@header['proxy-connection']).include?('keep-alive')
end
def tokens(vals)
return [] unless vals
vals.map {|v| v.split(',') }.flatten\
.reject {|str| str.strip.empty? }\
.map {|tok| tok.strip.downcase }
end
private :tokens
end